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CONCLUSÃO: a picamalácia deve ser investigada na assistência pré-natal e reconhecida como um fator de risco para a saúde materna.Ī relation between pica (the craving and purposive consumption of nonfood items) during pregnancy and anemia is observed frequently. Quanto à saúde do concepto, a picamalácia materna não interferiu nas condições ao nascer: peso, idade gestacional e intercorrências. A picamalácia foi associada à anemia gestacional (p<0,009) e intercorrências gestacionais (OR=3,5 IC95%=1,6-7,9). Não houve diferença entre as médias de renda familiar total e do número de gestações para os grupos de mulheres que praticaram ou não a picamalácia.

A picamalácia não se associou ao estado antropométrico materno à cor de pele à situação marital ao grau de instrução materna e à presença de parasitoses. A prática em gestação/puerpério anterior foi referida por 15% das gestantes. Dentre os motivos alegados, 65% das mulheres não sabiam informar, 15% declararam alívio de náuseas e pirose e, 10%, alívio de estresse e ansiedade. Em 46,7% dos casos, o início da prática foi no segundo trimestre e, em 30% dos casos, no terceiro trimestre gestacional. RESULTADOS: a picamalácia na gestação foi referida por 14,4% das mulheres, e 42,1% destas a praticavam diariamente. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de consultas aos prontuários e entrevista. Considerou-se como picamalácia a ingestão de substâncias não alimentares ou combinações atípicas de alimentos. MÉTODOS: trata-se de estudo prospectivo realizado com 227 gestantes adultas e seus recém-nascidos atendidos na Maternidade-Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro entre 2005 e 2006. OBJETIVO: verificar a taxa de ocorrência de picamalácia em gestantes e o impacto na saúde materna e do concepto. Discussion of pica practices should be based on a nonjudgmental model, for pica may have strong cultural implications, and may be practiced for cultural reasons unknown to the nurse. It is not clear that patients volunteer information about pica, so it would be helpful if nurses queried patients at each prenatal visit regarding pica practice. Although this study did not show specific pregnancy complications associated with pica, other studies have shown anemia and lead poisoning among women who practice pica. Pica exists, and might be more common than healthcare providers assume. No specific pregnancy complication was associated with the practice of pica. Women reporting daily pica practice were significantly more likely to have lower prenatal hematocrits than women who did not practice pica, or who practiced pica less frequently than daily. Women practicing pica were more likely to have been underweight prior to pregnancy, and smoked fewer cigarettes. Polypica (ingestion of more than one substance) was practiced by 11 women. Substances ingested included ice (>1 cup/day), freezer frost, laundry starch, cornstarch, clay dirt, and baked clay dirt.

African-American women reported practicing pica more often than other ethnicities. Thirty-eight percent of these pregnant women practiced pica. Demographic and sociocultural variables, pica practices, pica substances ingested, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Prospective, descriptive, correlational investigation with 128 women who sought prenatal care from two rural community health agencies. Increased research efforts are warranted and must be hypothesis driven, interdisciplinary, and permit the testing of multiple causal inferences.To discover the prevalence of pica, the documentation of pica on medical records, and any relationship of pica to pregnancy outcomes in rural socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant women. may render micronutrients in ingesta unavailable for absorption. It is possible that the binding capacity of pica substances explains the association with micronutrient deficiencies earth, starch, etc. Currently available data, although limited, best support the protection hypothesis as a cause of most types of pica, although some evidence suggests that pagophagy (ice consumption) may occur during iron deficiency. Multiple proposed etiologies of pica are reviewed, including cultural expectations, psychological stress, hunger, dyspepsia, micronutrient deficiencies (Fe, Zn, and Ca), and protection against toxins and pathogens. Its worldwide ubiquity, prevalence among pregnant women and children, and association with both positive and negative health outcomes, especially micronutrient deficiencies, underscore the importance of understanding this behavior. Pica, the purposive consumption of nonfood substances, is a millennia-old nutritional enigma.